We welcome the opportunity to respond to the Department for Transport’s Review of Cycle Safety.

The Call for Evidence sets out the very considerable benefits that increases in walking and cycling would achieve, including improvements in public health, reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, improvements to air quality, and more efficient uses of land. Over a third of children in year 6 in England are overweight or obese.^[1]We agree that demand for active travel is suppressed by feelings of safety and discomfort on the road network.

This response is based on the inquiries the APPCG has carried out in previous years, including:

• Get Britain Cycling (2013)
• Stuck in first gear – the Government’s Cycling Revolution (2016)
• Cycling and the Justice System (2017)

1. Do you have any suggestions on the way in which the current approach to development and maintenance of road signs and infrastructure impacts the safety of cyclists and other vulnerable road users? How could it be improved?

In our 2016 report we felt that the Government has made progress in deregulating street design to accommodate ongoing innovations in cycle provisions, but further progress is still required around simplifying many aspects of street design, particularly the layout of pedestrian and cycle crossings. This should be complemented by an improvement in the overall quality of cycle infrastructure being implemented across England. To do so, the Government should consolidate recent good practice changes in infrastructure design from cities that have invested in good quality cycle facilities, and endorse a single set of national design standards.

Better quality cycle facilities – clearly segregated from pedestrians and motorised vehicles – will not only improve the safety of cyclists, it will also reduce the concerns associated with perceived poor cycling behaviour.

Our 2017 inquiry found that British Cycling’s ‘Turning the Corner’ report, published in December 2016, provides some useful solutions. The report identified a problem with the confluence of design and road traffic law: a lack of priority for pedestrians and cycles over vehicles turning out of or into side roads. The report explains that changes to the Highway Code (accompanied with changes to the way traffic signal control operates) would improve the feeling of safety for pedestrians and cyclists, as well as releasing junction capacity in urban areas.

In our 2013 report we recommended that the Department for Transport should implement Part 6 of the Traffic Management Act 2004, to allow local authorities to enforce mandatory cycle lanes and other moving traffic offences without needing to require police resources. This has still not been accomplished.

In addition, we are very concerned that the headline recommendation of our 2013 report – £10, rising to £20 of funding for cycling per person per year – is still very far from being achieved across the country. The evidence presented to us in our various reports have reiterated that the only way to achieve good infrastructure for walking and cycling is to ensure that there is sustained, dedicated funding, ring-fenced for active travel schemes.

Aligned with this, we feel that additional funding from the proceeds of future growth is required to ensure that local road network is better maintained to ensure the safety and comfort of cyclists. Road defects are a major source of danger to cyclists, and is associated with 22 deaths of cyclists in the last ten years, as well as 368 serious injuries.^[2]

2. Please set out any areas where you consider the laws or rules relating to road safety and their enforcement, with particular reference to cyclists and pedestrians, could be used to support the Government’s aim of improving cycling and walking safety whilst promoting more active travel.

For the justice system to function, it requires a wider public understanding of and support for the law. This applies to all road users, including cyclists. From the evidence given to us from the police, from other witnesses, and from the public, it appears that there is a widespread misunderstanding of traffic law on how to drive around cyclists, and a failure of the driver education system to evolve in step with changes in cycling infrastructure and numbers of cyclists.

There is also evidence of deliberate aggression shown towards cyclists, including ‘punishment passes’ – close overtakes designed to intimidate or frighten cyclists, some of which may result from ignorance of the rights of cyclists to be on the road, or some other antagonism from having to share the same space at very different speeds. Aldred (2016) found a very similar pattern, with the average cyclist likely to experience some sort of harassment every 3 weeks or so, in addition to weekly frequency of incidents considered ‘very scary’. Evidence given to us from the general public in particular emphasised that improving driver behaviour and designing better road infrastructure must go hand in hand.

The Highway Code is also fundamental to assisting vulnerable road users with obtaining justice under civil law. The ambiguities and divided responsibilities expressed in the Code lie at the heart of the problems some cyclists find when attempting to secure compensation in the event of a collision. The Code must be clear that those with the greatest capacity to cause harm be the ones on whom responsibility to take care ultimately rests. We heard from Paul Kitson of Slater and Gordon that many civil cases involving cyclists are challenged by drivers’ insurers which often delays compensation to the victim. A clearer, less ambiguous Code would help prevent the most vulnerable victims losing out financially because of contributory negligence claims made against them on the basis of spurious interpretations of the Highway Code’s advice. In addition, he suggested that advanced stop/bike boxes at traffic signals should be re-designated to hold the same legal status as yellow box junctions.

Martin Porter QC urged us that any “element of victim-blaming should be removed” from the Code, and that references to wearing high visibility clothing and helmets should be accompanied by clear statements that these are not legally required.

In our 2017 report we made the following recommendation to Government:

The Highway Code should be revised to give clearer priority to cyclists (and other vulnerable road users), particularly with regard to the issue of close overtaking and the need to give way to cyclists and pedestrians at side road crossings, which would support the introduction of new cycling infrastructure.

Driver disqualification

An issue raised by several witnesses in our inquiry in 2017 was the infrequent use of the penalty of driver disqualification for those who have been found guilty of traffic offences. Currently disqualification is obligatory for a range of serious offences, ranging from those causing death, to dangerous driving and a mandatory 12 month ban for driving whilst under the influence. It can also be imposed as a penalty in summary offences, such as careless driving.

As RoadPeace told us, levels of disqualification for these obligatory offences have been dropping: in 2005 97% of these cases resulted in a ban; by 2015 this had fallen to 93%. Disqualification is also required for drivers who accumulate more than 11 penalty points within a three year period. However, up to a third of drivers who receive 12 points – or sometimes even more – escape any form of disqualification by pleading ‘exceptional hardship’ in court.^[3]In 2016 8,594 drivers retained their licences despite having 12 or more points, though in not all of these cases have these individuals successfully pleaded for ‘exceptional hardship’ in the magistrates’ court, and there are other reasons why drivers may still be legally driving despite having accumulated points.^[4]

The doubling of the penalty for mobile phone use while driving from 3 to 6 points will – if enforced – lead to many more drivers reaching the 12 point limit, yet the effect of this will be limited if drivers continue to retain their licences.

RoadPeace also pointed out to us in oral evidence that the total number of endorsements for mobile phone use has halved in the last 5 years, while only 33 out of 15,000 drivers taken to court were banned outright for using their mobile phone.

‘Exceptional hardship’ was raised with us by many of the witnesses as a topic where it was felt that the justice system was failing to protect cyclists and other road users. The driving demerit system operates by giving offenders chances to redeem their behaviour before the sanction of disqualification is imposed. By offering yet another chance the system risks losing its effectiveness in modifying behaviour.

In written evidence to us Nick Moss explained that in his experience as a solicitor he “found it very easy to persuade a Court not to ban somebody because they had collected 12 points. You were almost pushing at an open door. There seems to be lack of appreciation within the judiciary that points are collected because of a repeated failure to understand or be willing to comply with basic rules of the road.”

Martin Porter QC – who also has professional experience in dealing with the outcomes of road crashes – suggested that “a whole industry has arisen of lawyers specialising in permitting motorists who would otherwise face a mandatory period of disqualification to retain their driver’s licences… These loopholes should be closed. Every driver should think through the consequences both to other and to themselves of breaking the law before committing the crime.”

We made the following recommendation:

The number and lengths of driving bans appears to have declined, with a 62% fall in driver disqualifications over the last ten years, double the fall in convictions for driving offences. Furthermore, very large numbers of drivers are escaping disqualification upon reaching 12 points or more. The Ministry of Justice should examine the reasons behind the decline in the use of the penalty of disqualification, and in particular the effect of the ‘exceptional hardship’ scheme.

A higher priority given to roads policing

At the heart of the concern from the members of the public we found was the lack of enforcement of basic road traffic law. For instance, Cycling UK pointed to the collapse in roads policing numbers as a serious concern – overall police force numbers have fallen by 12% over the last 10 years, but that has been outstripped by an even faster decline in road traffic policing numbers outside London.

Stronger roads policing would benefit all road users, including – in certain circumstances – cracking down on dangerous or inconsiderate cycling where this is considered a source of concern. Cyclists are much more likely to be the victims of illegal road users than the perpetrators. In many cases, those people committing these crimes are likely to hold similar attitudes whatever mode of transport they are using, whether on a bike or in a car.^[5]The level of danger to others is far greater when they driving than when they are cycling.

DCS Paul Rickett from the Metropolitan Police told us that resourcing of roads policing in the capital was good, but suggested that the decline in prosecutions nationwide might be linked to the fall in road traffic policing, saying: “the fall in disqualification and prosecution probably tracks the levels of policing.” Nearly all the drivers stopped during a nationwide crackdown on mobile phone use while driving were in London. Even in London, however, Amy Aeron-Thomas pointed out basic problems with roads policing such as the fact that only 27% of drivers involved in crashes were tested for drink driving in the capital.

One solution offered by several witnesses was to include roads policing in the ‘Police Effectiveness, Efficiency, Legitimacy programme’ used by Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary to evaluate police forces. This might help focus attention on roads policing amongst Police and Crime Commissioners and senior officers. In addition, Police and Crime Commissioners and police forces should include perception of the dangers of illegal road use as part of way they measure local satisfaction with their services.

In our 2017 report we recommended that:

Specialist roads policing has greatly reduced in recent years, with a 37% reduction in officer numbers over 10 years. Roads policing should be given a higher priority by police forces, Police and Crime Commissioners and Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary. Effective deployment and use of surveillance technology should be used to support the reduced manpower and to enhance productivity and public awareness that road policing remains a priority. Only through adequately resourced roads policing will bad drivers – and bad cyclists – be apprehended and cycling feel safer.

Tackling close passing

One of the most encouraging submissions we received was from the West Midlands Police who explained the development of their ‘Be Safe, Give Space’ initiative which targets inconsiderate driving on key cycle commuting routes in Birmingham. This has been very well received by the cycling community and – according to PC Mark Hodson and PC Steve Hudson – has resulted in noticeable improvements in driver behaviour.

The close passing initiative began in association with Birmingham City Council, which was investing in measures to improve cycling conditions. The initiative has not taken officers away from their core work of general enforcement and attending the scenes of crashes. One officer cycles in undercover clothing and directs colleagues to intercept drivers who have given him too little room when overtaking. Offenders are then offered the opportunity to take part in a short demonstration of how to overtake around cyclists, or face a summons for careless driving. Of around 200 drivers so far stopped, only one has refused the roadside demonstration, a further handful have been issued a summons for careless driving.

Even though this was a limited scheme, over a small area, the impact has been considerable, including on attitudes to policing. Many witnesses specifically mentioned the effect it has had on their confidence in the police. We received evidence from a cyclist, Toby Draper, who was injured in 2015 while cycling in Birmingham. He told us: “I experienced some loss of confidence in getting back on the roads and have since been heartened by West Midlands Police’s increased activity to protect cyclists exposed to poor driving.”

Such has been the success of the programme that the officers have demonstrated it to many other police forces, and similar enforcement operations have commenced in several other areas, including London, Hampshire as well as half a dozen other forces that are planning to start. This appears to have been an excellent example of road traffic police officers working together to share a successful scheme, but it remains a very small initiative. We were disappointed to hear that there has yet to be a formal endorsement of this approach by the National Police Chiefs’ Council, which might help establish it as a standard roads policing tactic.

We made the following recommendation:

We welcome the focus some police forces are showing towards close passing of cyclists, particularly the West Midlands Police. Close passing by drivers not only represents a significant danger, it also makes cycling feel unsafe and risky. More police forces should adopt close passing enforcement practice on a wider scale, and the National Police Chiefs’ Council should clearly endorse this approach.

3. Do you have any suggestions for improving the way road users are trained, with specific consideration to protecting cyclists and pedestrians?
4. Do you have any suggestions on how we can improve road user education to help support more and safer walking and cycling?

 We have considered these two questions together.

Our 2017 report focused on improvements to driver training as a means of improving safety for pedestrians and cyclists.

Drivers learn about safe driving techniques when they take the driving test, with usually no formal re-education thereafter. The Metropolitan Police told us that they wished to see more frequent testing of drivers, with DCS Paul Rickett told us: “retesting and re-qualification on a regular basis would be a hugely beneficial.”

Presently re-education is mainly restricted to the use of diversionary courses for a variety of offences, administered through the National Driver Offender Retraining Scheme, but the evidence for the effectiveness of these schemes is not yet clear.^[6]As discussed below, one measure might be to impose more frequent retesting on drivers who have committed offences – at present only a handful of offenders are banned until they successfully pass a driving test.

The driving test offers the best opportunity to communicate vital information on how to behave around cyclists and reinforce messages around safe road user. Unfortunately, while the content of the driving test may have improved over the decades, it still fails to deal with the responsibilities towards cyclists other than in a cursory manner. In a country where 61% of the population never ride a bike, there is a risk that fundamental misunderstandings will emerge between road users unless the educational system is not used to help reduce these differences, which often lie behind aggressive and inconsiderate behaviour.

We heard worrying evidence that driver eyesight was going unchecked, even after major incidents. Gradual deterioration due to eye disease can often go unnoticed beyond the legally acceptable level. Regular retesting of professional drivers should also include assessing eyesight.

We make the following recommendations:

The driving test must be changed to help improve driver behaviour towards cyclists, including questions about overtaking distances and advice on adopting safe methods of opening car doors. This is particularly important for those attending an extended retest following disqualification.

Professional drivers should be retested more frequently, with better testing of skills and eyesight. Being able to drive should not be considered as a right – it should be seen as a responsibility and privilege that can easily be forfeited, particularly for those whose jobs require them to use a vehicle.

The issue of taking greater care when opening car doors should also be improved through changes to the driving test and Highway Code to explain how to do this safely. The ‘Dutch Reach’ is an approach now commonly taught in many countries, and should be made a standard in this country.^[7]

In addition, we strongly support the role of cycle training in giving children and adults the skills and confidence to cycle in safety. Such training helps to spread understanding of the needs of cyclists to these children when they reach the age at which they can learn to drive, as well as helping to overcome their parents or other adults’ misconceptions with regard to cycling. We believe it it crucial to sustain these programmes and increase availability of Bikeability level 3 training to older children, as well as similar training levels for adults returning to cycling.

5. Do you have any suggestions on how Government policy on vehicles and equipment could improve safety of cyclists and pedestrians, whilst continuing to promote more walking and cycling?

 In urban areas, cyclists are particularly at risk from conflicts with large vehicles. In London, around half of cyclists fatalities occurring in crashes with large vehicles, which make up just 5% of traffic. The Metropolitan Police operate a well established education scheme – ‘Exchanging Places’ to inform cyclists about the risks associated with large vehicles. These schemes benefit further if drivers of large vehicles also get to experience life on two wheels. Transport for London explained the intra-agency working arrangement with the Metropolitan Police, Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) and other organisations to target enforcement against commercial vehicle operators.

Since 2013, over 20,000 vehicles have been targeted, of which 11% had infringements – 120 vehicles have been seized. Similar partnerships between local authorities, police and the DVSA could help raise standards in freight operators elsewhere in the country. Siwan Hayward of Transport for London expressed concern that the enforcement activities undertaken through their partnership working was impeded by the uneven penalties handed down in the Magistrates’ Courts. In some cases the levels of fines imposed in some parts of London were 10 times higher than in other areas for vehicle defects and other offences. Transport for London wants to see “stronger sanctions that reflect the seriousness of the offences and the danger these pose on London’s roads.”

Our 2017 report made the following recommendation:

Large vehicles present a disproportionate risk to cyclists. In London, TfL, the DVSA, the Police and other enforcement agencies work together to target illegal freight operators. The Government and other local authorities should adopt similar partnerships in other parts of the country to counter the risk posed by illegal freight operations. Stronger sanctions are needed to tackle the offending associated with some commercial operators.

Autonomous/assisted driving vehicle technology

We are disappointed that the Government chose to undertake a change to the Highway Code merely to enable autonomous parking systems. We are concerned that this demonstrates a wider pattern in which vehicle technology is welcomed if it makes the driver’s life easier, rather than improving safety for all road users.

A future in which driving becomes easier, more convenient, and safer, while cycling and walking remain relatively higher risk activities is a bleak one. Public health will be damaged if day to day transport on foot or bike becomes less appealing.

We believe the Government should ensure that the technological changes emerging in motor vehicles are regulated to ensure that reduces the risk of walking and cycling, and gives greater priority to these modes. This could mean: automatic enforcement of speed limits, greater restrictions on motor traffic access and reallocation of road capacity and parking spaces for walking and cycling infrastructure.

6. What can Government do to support better understanding and awareness of different types of road user in relation to cycle use in particular?

As above, changes to the Highway Code and improvements in driver training, together with more enforcement and education activities will help improve understanding. Continued application of child cycle training – particularly Bikeability level 3 – will also help to increase understanding of the needs of cyclists amongst young people and, through them, their families.

APPCG, May 2018

^[1]Public Health England (2018) Child obesity and excess weight: small area level data

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/child-obesity-and-excess-weight-small-area-level-data

^[2]HC WQ&A. (22 February 2018) Cycling: Accidents: Written question – 129317.

https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-question/Commons/2018-02-22/129317/

^[3]Mustafa, J. (2011) Disqualification under the totting up provision and arguments of exception hardship. http://www.onepaper.co.uk/JAM%20 Exceptional%20hardship.pdf

^[4]Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (2016) DVLA driver licence data. Table DRL0110. www.data.gov.uk/dataset/driving-licence-data

^[5]Christmas, S., Helman, S., Buttress, S., Newman, C., Hutchins, R. (2010) Cycling, Safety and Sharing the Road: Qualitative Research with Cyclists and Other Road Users. Road Safety Web Publication No.17

http://www. roadsafetyobservatory.com/Evidence/Details/10507

^[6]Smith, L., Lawton, B., Beard G., Durrell, L., Scoons, J., Lloyd, L. (2015) The effectiveness of roads policing strategies. PPR731. https://trl.co.uk/reports/ PPR731

^[7]https://www.dutchreach.org/

Chair

• Andrew Selous MP, Co-Chair of the All Party Parliamentary Cycling Group (APPCG)

Panellists

• Steve Edgell, Chair of the Cycle to Work Alliance
• Will Butler Adams, Managing Director of Brompton
• Laura Dyett, Behavioural Insights Team at Transport for London

Opening remarks

Steve Edgell, Chair of the Cycle to Work Alliance opened the session by pointing to the Cycle to Work Scheme as a ready-made mechanism for improving the accessibility of electric bikes, as the cost can be spread across a 12-month period with savings for the user. He noted that realising the full potential of electric bikes through the Scheme would require an increase to the Scheme limit, which is currently capped at £1,000.

He highlighted that the average cost of a commuter quality electric bike is around £2,250, meaning that e-bikes are widely unavailable through the Scheme, and that amending the Scheme to ensure electric bikes could be accessed through the Scheme would expand the benefits to a wide range of people – including older people who might be unable to walk or cycle long distances, those on lower incomes, those with high travel costs and disabled cyclists.

In his closing remarks, he called on government to consider how the Scheme could be used to increase the uptake of electric bikes, and open the market to new demographics who may not have cycled previously, and reiterated the case for the Scheme as a ready-made mechanism for delivering a step change in electric bike usage in the UK.

Will Butler-Adams, Brompton Bicycle Ltd highlighted that the UK is behind Europe in the electric bike market, and that a lot could be learned from the approach taken in different European countries. He went on to outline that the UK has a mental health and obesity challenge that can only be addressed by a string of public policy initiatives, and that electric bikes could play a role in addressing these challenges.

Mr Butler-Adams said that the Cycle to Work Scheme is a tried and tested ‘nudge tool’ of achieving an increase in cycling, so it could be extended to catalyse electric bike purchases. Overall, he pointed to the affordability of electric bikes – rather than cost alone – as a central barrier to increased uptake, arguing that the Cycle to Work Scheme would be the ideal mechanism because it is a tax efficient, salary-sacrificed employee benefit.

Laura Dyett, Behavioural Insights Team, Transport for London expressed TfL’s full support for policy changes to support the uptake of electric bikes, noting that it would be particularly beneficial for those over 55 years old, women, those with mobility problems, and those who face long journeys.

Ms Dyett suggested that the cost of electric bikes was still “prohibitive” for many, and that a decrease in costs would need to be accompanied by a wide-ranging educational piece on electric bikes for there to be a marked increase in up-take.

She closed her remarks be referencing a new website launching from TfL on Friday 16 March 2018, suggesting this might be something local authorities could replicate.

Question and answer session

Phillip Darnton, Bicycle Association wished to put on record his support for an increase in the scheme limit.

Baroness Barker, Liberal Democrat Spokesperson for the Voluntary Sector and Social Enterprise, referenced Brixton-based disability cycling charity Wheels for Wellbeing, adding that adapted bikes had been tried out but struggled to gain widespread take-up from the disabled community.

She questioned whether using an electric bike is “cheating” on the physical benefits of exercise.

Will Butler-Adams replied that the scheme uplift is not a silver bullet for a health public policy benefit but is a “no brainer” nonetheless.

Terry Blackwood, Raleigh UK Ltd asked the panellists what data and evidence would be required to make the case to government and the Treasury for a scheme uplift.

A representative from Volt Bikes argued that there need to be additional incentives other than a scheme uplift because some groups in society – namely the retired – would not benefit from a work-based employee benefit.

Andrew Selous MP, Co-Chair of the APPG on Cycling said a list of available schemes and subsidy mechanisms may be instructive in reaching social groups and asked whether different legislative mechanisms had been considered.

Derek Craig, Free2Cycle suggested that the Treasury may be reluctant to increase the Scheme limit if it would only benefit higher rate tax payers, as this would only generate a short-term benefit for the Treasury.

In response, Steve Edgell pointed to data which shows that a majority of Cycle to Work Scheme users are basic rate tax payers.

Dan Jones, Riese & Muller asked whether Office for Low Emission Vehicle grants could be used to subsidise the cost of electric bike development and production.

A representative from the Motorcycle Industries Federation said there needs to be clear rules on the definition of an electric bike.

Roger Geffen, Cycling UK questioned how far the Cycle to Work Alliance and the APPG are “pushing at an open door” if the Office for Low Emission Vehicles could provide subsidies to electric bikes, alongside funding for electric and autonomous vehicles.

Adrian Warren, Cyclescheme pointed to existing figures that show how electric bikes can encourage cycling participation amongst demographics who may not otherwise cycle, adding there is a core of 500,000 new cyclists who could be the target market for an uptake in electric bikes.

Laura Dyett, Transport for London, speaker notes:

Transport for London’s reason for promoting e-bikes

In his new Mayor’s Transport Strategy, Sadiq Khan has set an ambitious target for 80 per cent of trips to be made by walking, cycling or public transport by 2041 (up from 64% now). By the same date, he also wants all Londoners to do the 20 minutes of active travel per day they need to stay healthy

To achieve these targets we need to significantly reduce car use in London and increase walking and cycling trips

As such, we have a significant investment programme aimed at increasing cycling. A focus of this programme is on providing new and improved cycle routes including Cycle Superhighways, Quietways and routes provided within Liveable Neighbourhoods and Mini-Holland project areas

However, we recognise that providing cycle routes will not address all barriers to cycling

This includes someone not feeling fit enough to cycle, having a mobility impairment that makes cycling hard, needing to make a long journey, making a journey in a hilly area and carrying luggage or cargo

From our own research, we know that 22% of non-cyclists are deterred from cycling due to not feeling fit enough or thinking they are too old and 16% because they live too far to cycle to work

We know that 13% of people said getting access to an e-bike prompted them to start cycling

Therefore, we believe that e-bikes are a great way of overcoming some of the main barriers to cycling

E-bike target audiences

We have five key audiences based on who we particularly feel e-bikes will appeal to and where we know there is the greatest potential for cycling trips. They are:

• Women
• People aged 55+
• People with mobility impairments who either do not cycle at the moment or are stopping cycling due to their physical health
• People making long journeys to work, particularly between inner and central London
• People making journeys within outer London

Our plans to promote the use of e-bikes in London

We believe the biggest barriers to e-bike use are a lack of awareness and understanding of e-bikes and the high cost of purchase. We believe that to really understand the benefits of e-bikes you need to experience riding one for yourself

We are working with the cycling industry to address these barriers to e-bike use

On Friday 16 March, we will be launching a new website (http://ebikes.london) where Londoners can go to find free e-bike test ride opportunities in their local area and e-bike purchase offers such as discounts, free accessories and free servicing. This website has been developed, and is being hosted for us, by the Association of Cycle Traders

Over 60 e-bike retailers and manufacturers have signed up to provide the test ride opportunities and purchase offers. This includes national retailers, e-bike specialist retailers and local bike shops

These 60 companies have over 120 test ride locations in London between them so everyone in the city should be able to access a free test ride and make use of purchase offers

The website also features real-life rider stories from five London based e-bike riders to show the public the diversity of people who use e-bikes and the benefits they’ve experienced

We are also improving the e-bike content on the TfL website (www.tfl.gov.uk/electric-bikes) so that it links out to our new website and explains what e-bikes are, their benefits, how to stay safe and keep your e-bike secure

We are running a four-week digital advertising campaign to raise awareness of e-bikes and direct people to our new website. We are also promoting this campaign through our own channels (e.g. social media, our email database) and have asked boroughs, stakeholder groups and the industry to promote through their channels

Could this approach be trialled elsewhere in the UK?

Yes, if what we do proves to be effective in increasing e-bike use then other local transport authorities may want to consider adopting the same approach

The Association of Cycle Traders are very keen to work with other local authorities who want to set up a similar website as they believe encouraging the use of e-bikes will drive footfall into specialist cycle retailers

The project has the potential to reach a large number of people for quite a small budget. It is very scalable depending on the budget available. Once the website is set up then any remaining budget can be spent on promotion

There has been a significant interest from the cycling industry to get involved in the project and we’ve had to turn down a number of shops based outside London

Steve Edgell, Director of Cycle Solutions and Chair of the Cycle to Work Alliance, speaker notes:

Outlining the benefits of electric bikes, particularly in line with the benefits we already see through the Scheme

 The electric bike landscape

• Electric bikes continue to be more expensive than normal bikes, the average cost of a commuter quality electric bike is around £2,250. This means they are unavailable through the Cycle to Work Scheme.
• Government has argued that the price of electric bikes will fall over time, however there is no evidence that this is happening.
• Despite this, electric bike sales have grown from 5 per cent of UK bike market in 2015 to 12 per cent in 2016. Halfords saw a 220 per cent increase in its sale of electric bikes in 2017.
• A recent survey of 2,000 commuters commissioned by Evans Cycles projected that by shifting from bus, car, train or tube to electric bike, travellers could save an approximate amount of £8,000 over 5 years.
• This growth in the use of electric bikes is positive. However, the benefits of electric bikes are limited to those able to afford the upfront cost of purchasing the bike and equipment, excluding many demographics who would benefit greatly from the assistance of an electric bike.
• The Scheme is a ready-made mechanism for improving the accessibility of electric bikes, as the cost can be spread across a 12-month period, and results in savings for the user.

Benefits of electric bikes

• The Alliance thinks that an increase in the uptake of electric bikes will benefit a wide range of people, expanding the Scheme to people who need to travel further or require additional support.
• We think it will be particularly beneficial to older people who are unable to walk or cycle long distances, and do not have access to good public transport. Electric bikes allow people to cover much greater distances with relative ease.
• It will also benefit those on lower incomes, and those with high travel costs.
• And disabled cyclists, or those who have difficulties cycling longer distances.

Reiterating the case for the Scheme as an effective mechanism for delivering the electric bike opportunity and set out the policy changes needed to facilitate access to electric bikes through the Scheme

Accessing electric bikes through the Scheme

• The Cycle to Work Scheme is a ready-made mechanism for delivering an increase in the uptake of electric bikes by improving accessibility and affordability of the product. This would require fewer legislative changes or additional funding than the development of a specific electric bike subsidy.
• The Scheme is a recognised and valued employee benefit, and expanding the range of equipment accessible through the Scheme would not require the establishment of a new system for processing payments or Scheme usage.
• However, the vast majority of electric bikes are not currently available through the Scheme, because of the £1,000 limit – the average cost of an electric bike is over £2,250.
• Where employers offer an increased limit because they hold their own Consumer Credit Authority, average uptake of the Scheme is 50 per cent higher.

Changes need to facilitate access to electric bikes through the Scheme

• Realising the full potential of electric bikes through the Scheme would require a revision of the limit, but would expand the benefits of electric bikes to a wide range of people.
• This change would require minimal resource from government, and could be achieved through the revision of the Scheme guidance currently being undertaken by the Cycle to Work Alliance and the Department for Transport.
• The Alliance would like to see a meaningful change to the Cycle to Work Scheme through the revision of the guidance, and think that improving access to electric bikes would be a step forward in the evolution of the Scheme.
• We are calling on government to consider how the Scheme could be used to increase the uptake of electric bikes, and open the market to new demographics who may not have cycled previously.

Chris Boardman, Jesse Norman MP, Ruth Cadbury MP

“Imagine if a team of scientists devised a drug which massively reduced people’s chances of developing cancer or heart disease, cutting their overall likelihood of dying early by 40%. This would be front page news worldwide, a Nobel Prize as good as in the post.

hasn’t ridden since childhood, somebody taking their kids to school, a pensioner, somebody lacking in confidence and all of the people who currently drive journeys of less than one kilometre – a staggering 30% of all journeys under 1km are driven. That’s some potential.

The second principle is for walking, because although I come from the world of cycling and this is the All Party Parliamentary Cycling Group, I am Cycling and Walking Commissioner; a combination I asked for. They are natural partners.

(l to r) Mike Kane MP, Daniel Zeichner MP. Lillian Greenwood MP, Chris Boardman, Ruth Cadbury MP, Baroness Barker, Kate Green MP

Even people who would never walk to work already walk for kilometres on a weekly basis when the conditions are right, without a second thought. Proof? Get out of your car in the Trafford Centre and it is, on average, a good 500 metres to the entrance. The centre itself is 617 metres long, and assuming that you meander along two levels and exit the same way, you will have covered at least three kilometres.

You do that because there is plenty of room to push a pram, it is pedestrian friendly, there are things to look at and places to stop and get a coffee. It’s easy, attractive and safe. This is what I call the buggy test: our streets must be usable and want to be used by a parent pushing a double buggy, because that parent will only walk with their child if it’s easy, attractive and safe.

We won’t need to convince or persuade people to start walking and riding if the alternative to driving is both of these things.

In deliverable terms, the above is a set of design standards and a prioritisation model for our streets that we will not waver from.

I recommended to the leaders of Greater Manchester that this is not done evenly across the districts. I recommended that it is left to each individual area to decide if they wish to participate, with the clear caveat that we, collectively, would only support work that meets these standards – standards that will deliver results.

What about the disruption involved? And how do you implement change that could take several years within a political system with a four year cycle?

Firstly, we go for some quick wins. There are several good examples on where that’s been done, most notably New York, who tackled this problem in ways that we can emulate.

They used temporary measures such as planters and paint to demonstrate what ‘different’ looked like, taking out parking bays from the fronts of businesses, tightening junction corners to reduce speed and complementing their efforts with behaviour change activities. Crucially, they put the control in the hands of the residents, and offered a try-before-you-buy approach that was completely reversible. They had a choice: if you don’t like it in six months, we’ll take it out.

Clear accountability for actions is important, because if people can see that you have to deliver or share the consequences, it generates trust. We should be accountable for what we do. In Manchester we will measure our progress carefully, through pollution, health, modal shift, and happiness.

The most ambitious project in Manchester was the Oxford Road and Wilmslow Road corridor. This was a scheme that, despite being only 6 kilometres long, presented an excellent opportunity to measure change. It has since seen its millionth journey, and now regularly peaks at 5,000 cycle trips a day.

Mark D’Arcy from Radio 4’s ‘Today in Parliament’ covers the Cycling and the Justice Inquiry’

Full details of the ‘Cycling and the Justice System’ second evidence session:

https://allpartycycling.org/session-2/